{"id":8671,"date":"2020-06-11T05:21:57","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T09:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/?p=8671"},"modified":"2021-12-04T09:28:05","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T09:28:05","slug":"add-swap-space-ubuntu-18-04-lts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/add-swap-space-ubuntu-18-04-lts\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Add Swap Space in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Here you will learn how to add swap space in <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/ubuntu\">Ubuntu<\/a> 18.04 LTS. You may want to do this because you are getting more than your fair share of out-of-memory errors on your <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/server\">server<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Swap is a portion of your hard drive that has been set aside by the <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/operating-systems\">operating system<\/a> to temporarily store data that cannot be stored in RAM due to space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem with swap is that it is significantly slower than RAM so it is not ideal for the operating system to use it for running programs but rather it is usually used to hold older data that is accessed less frequently by other services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless when your server RAM is depleted the operating system is more than happy to use swap space as a fallback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Warning: Using swap space on SSDs is not recommended as it can cause degradation of the disk over time. Therefore swap is only recommended on systems with traditional spinning hard disk drives.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Get Started With Adding Swap Space in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Check if Swap is Already Enabled<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first thing you will want to do is to check if swap space has already been added to your system. You can check for swap by typing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If you do not get any output it means your system does not have swap space otherwise you will get something similar to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">NAME      TYPE      SIZE   USED PRIO\n\/dev\/dm-1 partition 1G \t364M   -2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also use the free tool to check for active swap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The output will look something similar to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          981Mi       129Mi       640Mi       0.0Ki       211Mi       714Mi\nSwap:            1G      364M          0B<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2013 Check for Potentially Available Space on the Hard Drive Partition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Swap has to be created on the physical disk so it is important that you make sure the space exists in the first place. You can do so by entering:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Your output will look something similar to this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nudev            474M     0  474M   0% \/dev\ntmpfs            99M  932K   98M   1% \/run\n\/dev\/vda1        40G  1.4G   38G   3% \/\ntmpfs           491M     0  491M   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% \/run\/lock\ntmpfs           473M     0  491M   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\n\/dev\/vda15      104M  3.9M  101M   4% \/boot\/efi\n\/dev\/loop0       56M   55M     0 100% \/snap\/core18\/1705\ntmpfs            99M     0   99M   0% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Take note of the device with <code>\/<\/code> in the <strong>Mounted on<\/strong> the column. Ideally, that is where you will want to get your space from. Be diligent in determining how much space you will want to use for swap space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A good starting point to the amount of swap you want is usually the same amount as RAM or double the amount up to 4G. If you need 4G of swap it might be a sign that you need to add physical RAM to your system instead of adding such a large amount of swap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Add Swap Space<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Seeing it is possible to have multiple swap files or swap partitions, we will not be featuring such a setup. In this guide, we will stick to one swap file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We are going to use the <strong>fallocate <\/strong>program to create a swap file called swapfile in the root <code>\/<\/code> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we are creating a 2G file by running this command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo fallocate -l 1G \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we verify that the correct amount of space was reserved by typing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ ls -lh \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The output should be similar to this depending on the size you chose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.0G Jun 10 11:14 \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Enable the Swap File<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we actually turn the file into swap space, we need to restrict permissions to the space to users with root privileges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo chmod 600 \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we mark the file as swap space by running the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo mkswap \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The following is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1024 MiB (1073737728 bytes)\nno label, UUID=ce45582-0a2a-450f-cdd4-527e54026db7<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we enable the swap file so that our system can use it<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo swapon \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Once again verify that the swap is available:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">NAME      TYPE  SIZE USED PRIO\n\/swapfile file 1024M   0B   -2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the free utility:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the confirmed output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          981Mi       115Mi       652Mi       0.0Ki       213Mi       714Mi\nSwap:         1.0Gi          0B       1.0Gi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Make the Swap File Permanent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that the swap we created is only valid for the current session. Therefore if we reboot, the server will lose the swap settings. To resolve this we need to add the swap file to our <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First thing, as good practice, back up the<code> \/etc\/fstab<\/code> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo cp \/etc\/fstab \/etc\/fstab.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the swap information to the tail end of your \/etc\/fstab using this command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ echo &#039;\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0&#039; | sudo tee -a \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Optimize your Swap Settings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You will need to change the swappiness parameter. This parameter determines how often your system swaps data out of RAM to the swap space. It should be set as a percentage anywhere between 0 and 100. The default is 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Values closer to zero, the system will not swap data to the disk unless absolutely necessary. Values that are closer to 100 put as much data as possible into swap in an effort to keep more RAM space free. You can test your swappiness by running the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ cat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>By default it will output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">60<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The general rule is for a Desktop, a swappiness setting of 60 is a good value. For a server environment values closer to zero are ideal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can change swappiness by running the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>$ sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the successful output being:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">vm.swappiness = 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This value is only valid for the current session until the server is rebooted. To make it more permanent you need to edit the \/etc\/sysctl.conf file by running:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then add this line at the end of the file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Save and close the file to make the changes permanent. Now, that is how to add swap in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here you will learn how to add swap space in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. You may want to do this because you are getting more than your fair share of out-of-memory&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,23,9,16],"tags":[193,354,431,433,449,531,573,591,598],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Add Swap Space in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This guide will show you how to add swap space in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to help ease the number of out-of-memory errors that may arise on occasion\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/add-swap-space-ubuntu-18-04-lts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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