{"id":8686,"date":"2020-06-15T07:42:54","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T11:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/?p=8686"},"modified":"2021-12-04T09:10:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T09:10:41","slug":"configure-mod-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/configure-mod-security\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Configure mod_security With Apache on Debian\/Ubuntu or CentOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>mod_security is a free Web Application Firewall (WAF) that comes with <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/apache\">Apache<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/nginx\">Nginx<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/iis\">IIS<\/a> web servers. It is designed to monitor <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/http\">HTTP<\/a> traffic in real-time in order to detect and mitigate attacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ModSecurity which acts as an intrusion detection tool, allows server administrators to react to suspicious activity and is able to prevent <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/sql\">SQL<\/a> Injection, Cross-site Scripting, <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/malware\">Malware<\/a>, Trojans, Bad user agents, Session hijacking, and a lot of other exploits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ModSecurity comes with a default configuration however there is an OWASP ModSecurity <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.owasp.org\/index.php\/Category:OWASP_ModSecurity_Core_Rule_Set_Project\" target=\"_blank\">Core Rule Set (CRS)<\/a> that provides a set of generic attack detection rules that provide a base level of protection for any web application from a wide range of attacks with minimal false alerts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial will assume you <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/install-apache-mysql-php-ubuntu-20-04-lts\/\">have already installed the LAMP stack<\/a> on your server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Install mod_security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Debian<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo apt install libapache2-modsecurity<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart Apache:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Verify that the version of ModSecurity is 2.8.0 or higher:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ apt-cache show libapache2-modsecurity<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ubuntu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-security2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart Apache:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Verify that the version of ModSecurity is 2.8.0 or higher:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ apt-cache show libapache2-mod-security2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If you use <strong>apachectl -M<\/strong> to list all mods, ModSecurity will be listed under the name security2_module. or you could filter the result by using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ apachectl -M | grep --color security<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The output will be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">security2_module (shared)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CentOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ yum install mod_security<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart Apache by entering the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ \/etc\/init.d\/httpd restart<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Verify that the version of ModSecurity is 2.8.0 or higher:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ yum info mod_security<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Enable the OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Start by renaming the default ModSecurity file (the path below is for <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/ubuntu\">Ubuntu<\/a>\/Debian based distros):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ mv \/etc\/modsecurity\/modsecurity.conf-recommended modsecurity.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>We then need to download the OWASP ModSecurity CRS from Github. In case you need to install git (if you haven&#8217;t installed it before) run the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the OWASP ModSecurity CRS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ git clone https:\/\/github.com\/SpiderLabs\/owasp-modsecurity-crs.git<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>From the downloaded location move the relevant files as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ owasp-modsecurity-crs\n$ mv crs-setup.conf.example \/etc\/modsecurity\/crs-setup.conf\n$ mv rules\/ \/etc\/modsecurity\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Open this configuration file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/mods-available\/security2.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the <strong>IncludeOptional<\/strong> directive and the Include directive as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-apacheconf\">&lt;IfModule security2_module&gt;\n        # Default Debian dir for modsecurity&#039;s persistent data\n        SecDataDir \/var\/cache\/modsecurity\n\n        # Include all the *.conf files in \/etc\/modsecurity.\n        # Keeping your local configuration in that directory\n        # will allow for an easy upgrade of THIS file and\n        # make your life easier\n        IncludeOptional \/etc\/modsecurity\/*.conf\n        Include \/etc\/modsecurity\/rules\/*.conf\n&lt;\/IfModule&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart Apache for changes to take effect:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Test ModSecurity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Open the default Apache configuration and add two additional directives, using the default configuration as an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the <strong>SecRuleEngine<\/strong> and <strong>SecRule<\/strong> directives as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-apacheconf\">&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/html\n\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n\n    SecRuleEngine On\n    SecRule ARGS:testparam &quot;@contains test&quot; &quot;id:1234,deny,status:403,msg:&#039;Our test rule has triggered&#039;&quot;\n&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart Apache for changes to take effect:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Curl the index page to intentionally trigger the alarms using the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ curl localhost\/index.html?testparam=test<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You should expect to get a 403 response code and see the response from the logs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Review the ModSecurity Configuration Settings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The default configuration file is set to <strong>DetectionOnly<\/strong> which logs requests according to rule matches and doesn&#8217;t block anything besides what the OWASP CRS provides. This can be changed by editing the file below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo nano \/etc\/modsecurity\/modsecurity.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Find this line<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>and change it to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecRuleEngine On<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In production, be sure to change this directive only after testing all your rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You might also want to change <strong>SecResponseBodyAccess<\/strong>. This configures whether response bodies are buffered. This is only necessary if data leakage detection and protection are required. Leaving it <strong>On<\/strong> will use up droplet resources and also increase the log file size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Find this<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecResponseBodyAccess On<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>and change it to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecResponseBodyAccess Off<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>limit the maximum data that can be posted to your web application using these two directives configure these:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The value mentioned in the configuration file is 12MB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecRequestBodyLimit 13107200<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>SecRequestBodyNoFilesLimit<\/strong> directive limits the size of POST data minus file uploads. This value should be as low as practical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The default value in the configuration file is 128KB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecRequestBodyNoFilesLimit 131072<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit<\/strong> can also be reviewed as it affects server performance too. This directive specifies how much <strong>POSTed<\/strong> data should be kept in the memory (RAM). Additional data will be placed in the hard disk like a swap. if you have plenty of RAM then you can be generous with this value. The default value in the configuration file is 128KB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-\">SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit 131072<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Exclude Hosts and Directories<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ModSecurity can block genuine traffic for various reasons so you need to be able to exclude certain directories or entire hosts. Examples are phpMyAdmin where SQL queries will be blocked or <a href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/tag\/cms\">CMS<\/a> application backends like WordPress admin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To disable mod_security for a complete Virtual Host place the following<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-apacheconf\">&lt;IfModule security2_module&gt;\n    SecRuleEngine Off\n&lt;\/IfModule&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Inside the <strong>VirtualHost<\/strong> section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a particular directory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-apacheconf\">&lt;Directory &quot;\/var\/www\/website\/document_root\/wp-admin&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;IfModule security2_module&gt;\n        SecRuleEngine Off\n    &lt;\/IfModule&gt;\n&lt;\/Directory&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You may not want to completely disable ModSecurity. Therefore use the <strong>SecRuleRemoveById<\/strong> directive to remove a particular rule or rule chain by specifying its ID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-prismatic-blocks\"><code class=\"language-apacheconf\">&lt;LocationMatch &quot;\/wp-admin\/update.php&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;IfModule security2_module&gt;\n        SecRuleRemoveById 981173\n    &lt;\/IfModule&gt;\n&lt;\/LocationMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we will show you how to set up mod_evasive in addition to this mod_security configuration to help safeguard against DDOS attacks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>mod_security is a free Web Application Firewall (WAF) that comes with Apache, Nginx, and IIS web servers. It is designed to monitor HTTP traffic in real-time in order to detect&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,23,16,18],"tags":[58,121,136,184,304,308,313,320,364,400,433,449,526,543,591,598,635,636,638,643],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to set up mod_security With Apache on Debian\/Ubuntu or CentOS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here we will show you how to set up mod_security with Apache on Debian\/Ubuntu or CentOS to help protect your web server from cyber attacks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/local.brightwhiz\/configure-mod-security\/\" \/>\n<meta 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